How To Level Out Floor For Vinyl Plank Flooring

How to Level Out a Floor for Vinyl Plank Flooring

Installing vinyl plank flooring offers a durable and aesthetically pleasing solution for various spaces. However, a successful installation hinges on having a properly prepared subfloor. One of the most critical aspects of subfloor preparation is ensuring it is level. An uneven subfloor can lead to several problems, including unsightly dips and humps in the finished floor, compromised plank connections, premature wear and tear, and even potential damage to the planks themselves. This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to level out a floor in preparation for vinyl plank flooring installation.

A level subfloor ensures that the vinyl planks are adequately supported across their entire surface. When planks are installed over uneven areas, they are subjected to undue stress. This localized stress can cause the interlocking mechanisms of the planks to fail over time, leading to gapping, buckling, or even cracking. Furthermore, unevenness can create soft spots where the floor feels unstable and vulnerable to damage. Preparation is paramount for optimal and durable results.

Identifying Uneven Areas

The first step in leveling a floor is accurately identifying any problem areas. Several methods can be employed to assess the extent of unevenness.

Using a Long Level: A long level, ideally 6 feet or longer, is a fundamental tool for detecting variations in floor height. Place the level on the subfloor and check for gaps between the level and the floor surface. Multiple placement variations are ideal for accuracy. Shim any areas where light is visible under the level to ascertain the depth of the dips. Mark these areas clearly with a pencil or marker.

Straight Edge Method: If a long level is unavailable, a long, straight edge can be used in a similar fashion. A metal or wooden straight edge will suffice as long as it is confirmed to be unwarped. This should extend at least 6 feet for best accuracy. As with the level, move the straight edge across the floor in various directions to identify dips and high spots.

Using a Self-Leveling Laser Level: For larger areas or situations where precision is critical, a self-leveling laser level can prove invaluable. This device projects a laser line across the room, providing a visual reference for any deviations in floor height. These lasers are available for rent at most major hardware stores or can be purchased for more intensive leveling projects. Note areas where the subfloor deviates above or below the laser line.

Dragging a Weighted Object: An alternative method involves dragging a heavy, flat object across the floor. Listen carefully for changes in sound as the object moves. A dragging sound indicates a high spot, while silence suggests a dip. This method requires practice and a keen ear, but can be useful for a quick preliminary assessment.

Once the uneven areas are identified, meticulously map them out. Sketch a rough diagram of the floor and mark the location and approximate depth of each dip or high spot. This map will serve as a guide during the leveling process.

Addressing Minor Imperfections

Minor imperfections, defined as variations of 1/8 inch or less over a six-foot span, can often be corrected using patching compounds or floor leveling underlayment. The choice of method depends on the type of subfloor and the extent of the unevenness.

Patching Compounds: For small dips and cracks in concrete or plywood subfloors, a patching compound designed for floor leveling is a suitable option. These compounds are typically cement-based or acrylic-based and can be troweled onto the affected areas to create a smooth, level surface. It is important to select a patching compound compatible with the subfloor material and the type of vinyl plank flooring being installed. Carefully follow the manufacturer's instructions regarding mixing, application, and drying times.

Floor Leveling Underlayment: For slightly uneven plywood subfloors, a specialized floor leveling underlayment can provide a quick and effective solution. These underlayments are typically made of felt, foam, or cork and are designed to absorb minor variations in height. They are simply rolled out over the subfloor and secured with staples or adhesive. While they can improve minor undulations, they may not be sufficient for addressing more significant problems.

Before applying any patching compound or underlayment, thoroughly clean the subfloor. Remove any loose debris, dust, or grease. For concrete subfloors, it may be necessary to etch the surface with a concrete cleaner to ensure proper adhesion. For plywood subfloors, sanding may be required to remove any existing finishes or imperfections.

When applying patching compound, use a trowel to spread it evenly over the low areas. Feather the edges of the compound to blend seamlessly with the surrounding subfloor. Allow the compound to dry completely according to the manufacturer's instructions before proceeding with the vinyl plank flooring installation.

Dealing with Significant Unevenness

More significant unevenness, defined as variations exceeding 1/8 inch over a six-foot span, requires more aggressive leveling techniques.

Self-Leveling Concrete: For concrete subfloors with pronounced dips or unevenness, self-leveling concrete is an excellent option. This cement-based product is designed to flow freely and create a perfectly level surface. It is typically used for larger areas and can handle variations in height of up to several inches. Self-leveling concrete requires careful preparation and application, and it is crucial to follow the manufacturer’s instructions precisely.

Begin by thoroughly cleaning and prepping the concrete subfloor. Fill any large cracks or holes with a suitable concrete patching compound. Apply a bonding primer to the entire surface to ensure proper adhesion of the self-leveling concrete. Mix the self-leveling concrete according to the manufacturer's instructions, using a large mixing container and a powerful drill with a mixing paddle. Pour the mixture onto the subfloor and use a gauge rake to spread it evenly. The self-leveling concrete will flow and level itself within a few minutes. Allow the concrete to dry completely before proceeding with the vinyl plank flooring installation.

Sanding or Grinding High Spots: For concrete subfloors with localized high spots, sanding or grinding may be necessary to achieve a level surface. A concrete grinder or a sander with a coarse grit abrasive can be used to remove the high spots. It is crucial to wear appropriate safety gear, including a dust mask, eye protection, and hearing protection, when sanding or grinding concrete. Work slowly and carefully, checking the floor level frequently to avoid over-sanding.

Shimming Low Areas on Wood Subfloors: Addressing unevenness in wood subfloors can sometimes be achieved by shimming low areas. This involves using thin pieces of wood (shims) to raise the low spots to the level of the surrounding subfloor. Attach the shims securely to the subfloor with construction adhesive and screws. Gradually build up layers of shims until the desired level is achieved. Ensure that the shims are flush with the surrounding subfloor to prevent any bumps or ridges from transferring to the vinyl plank flooring.

Replacing Damaged Subfloor Sections: In some cases, the unevenness may be due to damaged or deteriorated sections of the subfloor. If the damage is localized, it may be more efficient to simply replace the affected sections rather than attempting to level the entire floor. Remove the damaged section of the subfloor and replace it with a new piece of plywood or concrete board that is the same thickness as the existing subfloor. Secure the new section to the joists or supports with screws or construction adhesive.

After any of these methods are used, it is advisable to check the floor once more with a long level or straight edge to confirm that it meets acceptable standards for installing vinyl plank flooring. Small adjustments can still be made with patching compound if necessary.

Remember to always consult the manufacturer’s instructions for both the leveling products and the vinyl plank flooring itself. These instructions often contain specific recommendations for subfloor preparation and may void the warranty if not followed.